CAL(1POSIX) POSIX Programmer's Manual CAL(1POSIX)
PROLOG
This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux
implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding
Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may
not be implemented on Linux.
NAME
cal -- print a calendar
SYNOPSIS
cal [[month] year]
DESCRIPTION
The cal utility shall write a calendar to standard output using the Ju-
lian calendar for dates from January 1, 1 through September 2, 1752 and
the Gregorian calendar for dates from September 14, 1752 through Decem-
ber 31, 9999 as though the Gregorian calendar had been adopted on Sep-
tember 14, 1752.
If no operands are given, cal shall produce a one-month calendar for
the current month in the current year. If only the year operand is
given, cal shall produce a calendar for all twelve months in the given
calendar year. If both month and year operands are given, cal shall
produce a one-month calendar for the given month in the given year.
OPTIONS
None.
OPERANDS
The following operands shall be supported:
month Specify the month to be displayed, represented as a decimal
integer from 1 (January) to 12 (December).
year Specify the year for which the calendar is displayed, repre-
sented as a decimal integer from 1 to 9999.
STDIN
Not used.
INPUT FILES
None.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the execution of cal:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationalization vari-
ables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions vol-
ume of POSIX.1-2017, Section 8.2, Internationalization Vari-
ables for the precedence of internationalization variables
used to determine the values of locale categories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of
all the other internationalization variables.
LC_CTYPE Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of
bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format
and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard er-
ror, and informative messages written to standard output.
LC_TIME Determine the format and contents of the calendar.
NLSPATH Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing
of LC_MESSAGES.
TZ Determine the timezone used to calculate the value of the
current month.
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
The standard output shall be used to display the calendar, in an un-
specified format.
STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
Note that:
cal 83
refers to A.D. 83, not 1983.
EXAMPLES
None.
RATIONALE
Earlier versions of this standard incorrectly required that the com-
mand:
cal 2000
write a one-month calendar for the current calendar month (no matter
what the current year is) in the year 2000 to standard output. This did
not match historic practice in any known version of the cal utility.
The description has been updated to match historic practice. When only
the year operand is given, cal writes a twelve-month calendar for the
specified year.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
A future version of this standard may support locale-specific recogni-
tion of the date of adoption of the Gregorian calendar.
SEE ALSO
The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1-2017, Chapter 8, Environment
Variables
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology -- Por-
table Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifi-
cations Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online
at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .
Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are
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IEEE/The Open Group 2017 CAL(1POSIX)
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