ADDUSER(8) System Manager's Manual ADDUSER(8)
NAME
adduser, addgroup - add or manipulate users or groups
SYNOPSIS
adduser [--add-extra-groups] [--allow-all-names] [--allow-bad-names]
[--comment comment] [--conf file] [--debug] [--disabled-login]
[--disabled-password] [--firstgid id] [--firstuid id]
[--gid id] [--home dir] [--ingroup group] [--lastgid id]
[--lastuid id] [--no-create-home] [--shell shell] [--quiet]
[--uid id] [--verbose] user
adduser --system [--comment comment] [--conf file] [--debug] [--gid id]
[--group] [--home dir] [--ingroup group] [--no-create-home]
[--shell shell] [--uid id] [--quiet] [--verbose] user
adduser --group [--conf file] [--debug] [--firstgid id] [--gid ID]
[--lastgid id] [--quiet] [--verbose] group
addgroup [--conf file] [--debug] [--firstgid id] [--gid ID]
[--lastgid id] [--quiet] [--verbose] group
addgroup --system [--gid id] [--conf file] [--quiet] [--verbose] group
adduser [--conf file] [--debug] [--quiet] [--verbose] user group
adduser --help
adduser --version
DESCRIPTION
adduser and addgroup add users and groups to the system according to
command line options and configuration information in /etc/ad-
duser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the low level tools like
useradd, groupadd and usermod programs, by default choosing Debian pol-
icy conformant UID and GID values, creating a home directory with
skeletal configuration, running a custom script, and other features.
adduser and addgroup are intended as a policy layer, making it easier
for package maintainers and local administrators to create local system
accounts in the way Debian expects them to be created, taking the bur-
den to adapt to the probably changing specifications of Debian policy.
adduser --system takes special attention on just needing a single call
in the package maintainer scripts without any conditional wrappers, er-
ror suppression or other scaffolding.
adduser honors the distinction between dynamically allocated system
users and groups and dynamically allocated user accounts that is docu-
mented in Debian Policy, Chapter 9.2.2.
For a full list and explanations of all options, see the OPTIONS sec-
tion.
adduser and addgroup can be run in one of five modes:
Add a normal user
If called with one non-option argument and without the --system or
--group options, adduser will add a normal user, that means a dynami-
cally allocated user account in the sense of Debian Policy. This is
commonly referred to in adduser as a non-system user.
adduser will choose the first available UID from the range specified by
FIRST_UID and LAST_UID in the configuration file. The range may be
overridden with the --firstuid and --lastuid options. Finally, the UID
can be set fully manually with the --uid option.
By default, each user is given a corresponding group with the same
name. This is commonly called Usergroups and allows group writable di-
rectories to be easily maintained by placing the appropriate users in
the new group, setting the set-group-ID bit in the directory, and en-
suring that all users use a umask of 002.
For a usergroup, adduser will choose the first available GID from the
range specified by FIRST_GID and LAST_GID in the configuration file.
The range may be overridden with the --firstgid and --lastgid options.
Finally, the GID can be set fully manually with the --gid option.
The interaction between USERS_GID, USERS_GROUP, and USERGROUPS is ex-
plained in detail in adduser.conf(5).
Users' primary groups can also be overridden from the command line with
the --gid or --ingroup options to set the group by id or name, respec-
tively. Also, users can be added to one or more supplemental groups
defined as EXTRA_GROUPS in the configuration file either by setting
ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS to 1 in the configuration file, or by passing
--add-extra-groups on the command line.
adduser will copy files from /etc/skel into the home directory and
prompt for the comment field and a password if those functions have not
been turned off / overridden from the command line.
UID, comment, home directory and shell might be pre-determined with the
UID_POOL and GID_POOL option, documented in adduser.conf(5).
Add a system user
If called with one non-option argument and the --system option, adduser
will add a dynamically allocated system user, often abbreviated as sys-
tem user in the context of the adduser package.
adduser will choose the first available UID from the range specified by
FIRST_SYSTEM_UID and LAST_SYSTEM_UID in the configuration file. This
can be overridden with the --uid option.
By default, system users are placed in the nogroup group. To place the
new system user in an already existing group, use the --gid or --in-
group options. If the --group is given and the identically named group
does not already exist, it is created with the same ID.
If no home directory is specified, the default home directory for a new
system user is /nonexistent. This directory should never exist on any
Debian system, and adduser will never create it automatically.
Unless a shell is explicitly set with the --shell option, the new sys-
tem user will have the shell set to /usr/sbin/nologin. adduser --sys-
tem does not set a password for the new account. Skeletal configura-
tion files are not copied.
Other options will behave as for the creation of a normal user. The
files referenced by UID_POOL and GID_POOL do also work.
Add a group
If adduser is called with the --group option and without the --system
option, or addgroup is called respectively, a user group will be added.
A dynamically allocated system group, often abbreviated as system group
in the context of the adduser package, will be created if adduser is
called with the --system option.
A GID will be chosen from the respective range specified for GIDs in
the configuration file (FIRST_GID, LAST_GID, FIRST_SYSTEM_GID,
LAST_SYSTEM_GID). To override that mechanism, you can give the GID us-
ing the --gid option.
For non-system groups, the range specified in the configuration file
may be overridden with the --firstgid and --lastgid options.
The group is created with no members.
Add an existing user to an existing group
If called with two non-option arguments, adduser will add an existing
user to an existing group.
OPTIONS
Different modes of adduser allow different options. If no valid modes
are listed for a option, it is accepted in.
ADDUSER(8) System Manager's Manual ADDUSER(8)
NAME
adduser, addgroup - add or manipulate users or groups
SYNOPSIS
adduser [--add-extra-groups] [--allow-all-names] [--allow-bad-names]
[--comment comment] [--conf file] [--debug] [--disabled-login]
[--disabled-password] [--firstgid id] [--firstuid id]
[--gid id] [--home dir] [--ingroup group] [--lastgid id]
[--lastuid id] [--no-create-home] [--shell shell] [--quiet]
[--uid id] [--verbose] user
adduser --system [--comment comment] [--conf file] [--debug] [--gid id]
[--group] [--home dir] [--ingroup group] [--no-create-home]
[--shell shell] [--uid id] [--quiet] [--verbose] user
adduser --group [--conf file] [--debug] [--firstgid id] [--gid ID]
[--lastgid id] [--quiet] [--verbose] group
addgroup [--conf file] [--debug] [--firstgid id] [--gid ID]
[--lastgid id] [--quiet] [--verbose] group
addgroup --system [--gid id] [--conf file] [--quiet] [--verbose] group
adduser [--conf file] [--debug] [--quiet] [--verbose] user group
adduser --help
adduser --version
DESCRIPTION
adduser and addgroup add users and groups to the system according to
command line options and configuration information in /etc/ad-
duser.conf. They are friendlier front ends to the low level tools like
useradd, groupadd and usermod programs, by default choosing Debian pol-
icy conformant UID and GID values, creating a home directory with
skeletal configuration, running a custom script, and other features.
adduser and addgroup are intended as a policy layer, making it easier
for package maintainers and local administrators to create local system
accounts in the way Debian expects them to be created, taking the bur-
den to adapt to the probably changing specifications of Debian policy.
adduser --system takes special attention on just needing a single call
in the package maintainer scripts without any conditional wrappers, er-
ror suppression or other scaffolding.
adduser honors the distinction between dynamically allocated system
users and groups and dynamically allocated user accounts that is docu-
mented in Debian Policy, Chapter 9.2.2.
For a full list and explanations of all options, see the OPTIONS sec-
tion.
adduser and addgroup can be run in one of five modes:
Add a normal user
If called with one non-option argument and without the --system or
--group options, adduser will add a normal user, that means a dynami-
cally allocated user account in the sense of Debian Policy. This is
commonly referred to in adduser as a non-system user.
adduser will choose the first available UID from the range specified by
FIRST_UID and LAST_UID in the configuration file. The range may be
overridden with the --firstuid and --lastuid options. Finally, the UID
can be set fully manually with the --uid option.
By default, each user is given a corresponding group with the same
name. This is commonly called Usergroups and allows group writable di-
rectories to be easily maintained by placing the appropriate users in
the new group, setting the set-group-ID bit in the directory, and en-
suring that all users use a umask of 002.
For a usergroup, adduser will choose the first available GID from the
range specified by FIRST_GID and LAST_GID in the configuration file.
The range may be overridden with the --firstgid and --lastgid options.
Finally, the GID can be set fully manually with the --gid option.
The interaction between USERS_GID, USERS_GROUP, and USERGROUPS is ex-
plained in detail in adduser.conf(5).
Users' primary groups can also be overridden from the command line with
the --gid or --ingroup options to set the group by id or name, respec-
tively. Also, users can be added to one or more supplemental groups
defined as EXTRA_GROUPS in the configuration file either by setting
ADD_EXTRA_GROUPS to 1 in the configuration file, or by passing
--add-extra-groups on the command line.
adduser will copy files from /etc/skel into the home directory and
prompt for the comment field and a password if those functions have not
been turned off / overridden from the command line.
UID, comment, home directory and shell might be pre-determined with the
UID_POOL and GID_POOL option, documented in adduser.conf(5).
Add a system user
If called with one non-option argument and the --system option, adduser
will add a dynamically allocated system user, often abbreviated as sys-
tem user in the context of the adduser package.
adduser will choose the first available UID from the range specified by
FIRST_SYSTEM_UID and LAST_SYSTEM_UID in the configuration file. This
can be overridden with the --uid option.
By default, system users are placed in the nogroup group. To place the
new system user in an already existing group, use the --gid or --in-
group options. If the --group is given and the identically named group
does not already exist, it is created with the same ID.
If no home directory is specified, the default home directory for a new
system user is /nonexistent. This directory should never exist on any
Debian system, and adduser will never create it automatically.
Unless a shell is explicitly set with the --shell option, the new sys-
tem user will have the shell set to /usr/sbin/nologin. adduser --sys-
tem does not set a password for the new account. Skeletal configura-
tion files are not copied.
Other options will behave as for the creation of a normal user. The
files referenced by UID_POOL and GID_POOL do also work.
Add a group
If adduser is called with the --group option and without the --system
option, or addgroup is called respectively, a user group will be added.
A dynamically allocated system group, often abbreviated as system group
in the context of the adduser package, will be created if adduser is
called with the --system option.
A GID will be chosen from the respective range specified for GIDs in
the configuration file (FIRST_GID, LAST_GID, FIRST_SYSTEM_GID,
LAST_SYSTEM_GID). To override that mechanism, you can give the GID us-
ing the --gid option.
For non-system groups, the range specified in the configuration file
may be overridden with the --firstgid and --lastgid options.
The group is created with no members.
Add an existing user to an existing group
If called with two non-option arguments, adduser will add an existing
user to an existing group.
OPTIONS
Different modes of adduser allow different options. If no valid modes
are listed for a option, it is accepted in.
ADDUSER(8) System Manager's Manual ADDUSER(8)
NAME
adduser, addgroup - add or manipulate users or groups
SYNOPSIS
adduser [--add-extra-groups] [--allow-all-names] [--allow-bad-names]
[--comment comment] [--conf file] [--debug] [--disabled-login]
[--disabled-password] [--firstgid id] [--firstuid id]
[--gid id] [--home dir] [--ingroup group] [--lastgid id]
[--lastuid id] [--no-create-home] [--shell shell] [--quiet]
[--uid id] [--verbose] user
adduser --system [--comment comment] [--conf file] [--debug] [--gid id]
[--group] [--home dir] [--ingroup group] [--no-create-home]
[--shell shell] [--uid id] [--quiet] [--verbose] user
adduser --group [--conf file] [--debug] [--firstgid id] [--gid ID]
[--lastgid id] [--quiet] [--verbose] group
addgroup [--conf file] [--debug] [--firstgid id] [--gid ID]
[--lastgid id] [--quiet] [--verbose] group
addgroup --system [--gid id] [--conf file] [--quiet] [--verbose] group
adduser [--conf file] [--debug]
Debian GNU/Linux ADDUSER(8)
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